Lactose is used in food processing pharmaceutical and nutritional applications.
Lactose is a natural disaccharide sugar found exclusively in the milk of mammals, often called “milk sugar”. It is composed of two simpler sugars: glucose and galactose.
Composition and Digestion
Structure: Its chemical formula is C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁.
The Role of Lactase: To digest lactose, the small intestine produces an enzyme called lactase. This enzyme splits lactose into its two base sugars so they can be absorbed into the bloodstream.
Industrial Use: Beyond dairy, it is used in the pharmaceutical industry as a filler for medicines and in food manufacturing as an additive.
Lactose Intolerance
This common digestive issue occurs when the body does not produce enough lactase.
Global Impact: Approximately 68% of the world’s population has a reduced ability to digest lactose.
Symptoms: Undigested lactose moves to the colon, where bacteria ferment it, causing bloating, gas, diarrhea, and stomach cramps.
Varying Sensitivity: Many people with intolerance can still handle small amounts of lactose, especially when paired with other foods.
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